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【范围】
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This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) document provides recommended
practices for the calibration and acceptance of icing wind tunnels to be used in testing of
aircraft components and systems and for the development of simulated ice shapes. This
document is not applicable to air-breathing propulsion test facilities configured for the
purposes of engine icing tests. Use of facilities as part of an aircraft’s ice protection
Certification Plan should be reviewed and accepted by the applicable regulatory agency
prior to testing. Following acceptance of a test plan, data generated in these facilities may
be submitted to regulatory agencies for use in the certification of aircraft ice protection
systems and components. Certain types of tests may be appropriate in facilities with
capabilities that are not as rigorously characterized as by the practices defined herein, and
the acceptability of these tests should be coordinated with the applicable regulatory agency.
1.1 Background:
The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration established an icing plan in 1997 to respond to a
need for a comprehensive program to create an awareness of inflight icing issues and to
establish documents to provide training and guidance for regulatory authorities, aircraft
operators, research organizations, and aircraft manufacturers. The FAA published a
14-task plan, entitled the “FAA Inflight Aircraft Icing Plan,” and identified groups of people
within the U.S. Government and throughout the aircraft industry to address the action
items contained in this plan. Task 11 of this plan called for the development of “validation
criteria and data for simulation methods used to determine ice shapes on aircraft.” It also
indicated that this task was to include data on “wind tunnel[s], ice accretion computer
codes, and icing tankers.” The FAA suggested “a coordinated effort among research
organizations, industry, and regulatory authorities” and individuals were asked to
participate in this work. Task 11 was divided into three subtasks and the people that
participated in Subtask A were tasked with addressing criteria for the use of tankers,
tunnels, and codes. Three documents were developed by the members of the Task 11.A
Working Group and these three documents are being published as SAE ARPs. While
each document follows a format that is appropriate to the topic, the three documents
provide guidance for the application of codes (ARP5903), tankers (ARP5904), and tunnels
(ARP5905) to the icing certification or qualification process.
The reader is directed to the following: DOT/FAA/CT-88/8-2, “Aircraft Icing Handbook,”
Volume 2, Chapter V, Section 4.0, Testing to Demonstrate Compliance, March 1991;
“Aircraft Ice Protection,” U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation
Administration, Advisory Circular (AC) 20-73, April 21, 1971; “Certification of Transport
Category Rotorcraft,” (AC 29-2C), September 30, 1999; and the advisory circulars for icing
certification of airplanes (AC 23.1419-2A and AC 25.1419-1) for the myriad of
considerations that are inherent in defining and conducting test programs for the purpose
of obtaining certification for flight into known icing conditions. This ARP provides
recommended practices for the calibration of icing wind tunnels. It is not intended to
substitute for the regulatory agency’s latitude in selecting the combination of tests or
inspections required to demonstrate compliance with regulations as described in the
Aircraft Icing Handbook.
1.3 Facility/Site Qualification:
An icing facility that conforms to the recommended practices in this document provides an
artificial icing test volume consistent with the capability provided by current wind tunnel
technology. If results produced in a test facility are to be used in the certification process
of aircraft components or ice protection systems, it should be substantiated that the facility
calibration and supporting resources conform to this ARP. Also, a comparison between
the facility icing condition envelopes that can be simulated and those defined by the
regulatory authorities should be presented.strRefField
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