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【范围】
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This document recommends criteria and requirements for a Final Approach Spacing System
(FASS) for transport aircraft.
This is an Aerospace Recommended Practice to support the development of a Final
Approach Spacing System (FASS) for Approach Spacing for Instrument Approaches (ASIA)
operations.
1.1 Purpose:
This document recommends design criteria for the flight deck Final Approach Spacing
System (FASS). The FASS is a combination of hardware and software that is required to
perform the Final Approach Spacing Function. The FASS is designed to enhance the
operational efficiency of flight by providing the crew with a means to obtain a precise
aircraft-to-aircraft arrival interval at the runway threshold during instrument approach
operations. The FASS provides operationally acceptable speed guidance, appropriate
crew alerting, and must be highly reliable and thoroughly responsive to the operational
requirements and environment.
1.2 Operational Description:
The FASS is designed to enhance runway capacity by precisely controlling the landing
interval between aircraft. The FASS is used as part of an instrument approach procedure
involving sequential aircraft (i.e., at least two participating aircraft; a leading and a
following aircraft). The following aircraft within the pair would conduct the procedure to
achieve a defined spacing interval at the runway threshold.
The FASS uses aircraft-to-aircraft data link (e.g., Automatic Dependent Surveillance-
Broadcast) information, planned final approach speeds, wind data, and a nominal speed
profile appropriate for the intended approach to compute a speed command for the FASS
aircraft to obtain a required runway threshold spacing interval relative to a leading aircraft.
The designation of the leading aircraft and the required runway threshold spacing interval
would be provided by Air Traffic Control. The FASS speed command would provide small
speed adjustments relative to the nominal speed profile to correct for spacing errors prior
to the FASS aircraft reaching its final approach deceleration point. After the final approach
deceleration point, the FASS would provide speed guidance to its planned final approach
speed, thus providing guidance for a stable final approach.
Examples of the operational characteristics are provided in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1
shows a representative nominal speed profile with two aircraft on the approach. Based on
the required runway threshold spacing interval, the planned approach speeds, and the
wind conditions, the FASS would compute an adjusted spacing interval that the following
aircraft would need to attain at the final deceleration point to achieve the runway threshold
spacing interval. Using this adjusted spacing interval and the nominal speed profile
(converted to groundspeed), the FASS would compute the desired spacing position
relative to the leading aircraft (see Figure 2). In Figure 2, because the following aircraft is
behind the desired spacing position, the FASS would provide speed guidance that is
slightly higher than the speed of the nominal speed profile to correct this spacing error.
When the following aircraft reaches the final deceleration point, the FASS would provide
guidance to achieve the planned final approach speed.
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